Integrated circuit course

4 PASS-TRANSISTOR LOGIC CIRCUITS Simple approach for implementing logic functions utilizes series and parallel combinations of switches that are controlled by Input logic variables to connect the input and output nodes (see Fig. 20). Each of the switches can be implemented either by a single NMOS transistor (Fig. 21(a)) or by a pair of complementary MOS transistors connected in what is known as the CMOS transmission-gate configuration (Fig.21(b)). This form of logic utilizes MOS transistors in the series path from input to output, to pass or block signal transmission, it is known as pass-transistor logic (PTL). As mentioned earlier, CMOS transmission gates are frequently employed to implement the switches, giving this logic-circuit form the alternative name, transmission-gate logic. 4.1 An Essential Design Requirement An essential requirement in the design of PTL circuits is ensuring that every- circuit node has at all times a low-resistance path to VDD or ground. Consider the sit...

Digital CMOS Logic Circuits In summary, this chapter provides a reasonably comprehensive and in-depth of CMOS digital integrated-circuit design, perhaps the most significant area (at least in terms of production volume and societal impact) of electronic circuits. 1. DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW We discuss the various technologies and logic-circuit families currently in use, consider the parameters employed to characterize the operation and performance of logic circuits, and finally mention the various styles for digital-system design. 1.1. Digital IC Technologies and Logic-Circuit Families The chart in Figure 1 shows the major IC technologies and logic-circuit families that are currently in use. Members of each family are made with the same technology, have a similar circuit structure, and exhibit the same basic features. Each logic- circuit family offers a unique set of advantages and disadvantages. In the conventional style of designing systems, one selects an appropriate...

INTEGRATORS AND DIFFERENTIATORS The op-amp circuit applications discussed so far, utilized resistors in the op-amp feedback path and in connecting the signal source to the circuit, that is, in the feed-in path. As a result circuit operation has been (ideally) independent of frequency. The only exception has been the use of coupling capacitors in order to minimize the effect of the dc imperfections of op amps. By allowing the use of capacitors together with resistors in the feedback and feed-in paths of op-amp circuits, a very wide range of useful and exciting applications of the op amp can be obtained. We begin our study of op-amp-RC circuits in this section by considering two basic applications, namely signal integrators and differentiators. The Inverting Configuration with General Impedances Consider the inverting closed-loop configuration with impedances and replacing resistors R 1 and R 2, respectively. The resulting circuit is shown in Fig. 5.44 and, for an ideal op amp, has th...